酿酒酵母基因组的研究进展

酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是第一个完成全基因组测序工作的真核生物,目前在结构基因组学、功能基因组学、模式生物、最小基因组、比较基因组学等方面的研究已经获得了重大的进展,为人类更深入地研究高等生物基因组打下了坚实的基础。本文将从这几个方面着手对酿酒酵母基因组的研究进展进行综述。     

水体中盐酸环丙沙星的风险等级分析

分析了抗生素类药物盐酸环丙沙星对水中不同食物链水生生物包括小球藻、发光菌、大型蚤、孔雀鱼的影响,其急性毒性EC₅₀或者LC₅₀数值分别为20.61,63.27,135.15,365.00 mg·L^-1。毒性作用规律结果显示,随着生物链等级的升高,生物对环丙沙星的耐受程度升高。将综合评价因子(PEC/PNEC)作为环境风险表征参数,对大连开发区污水处理厂排水及大连湾沿海养殖区中存在的盐酸环丙沙星进行风险分析,发现盐酸环丙沙星在沿海养殖区水域中的环境风险高于污水处理厂排水。小球藻的综合评价因子数值范围最大,可作为评价水体中盐酸环丙沙星残留风险等级的生物标志物。     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

A bioinformatic evaluation of potential allergenicity of 85 candidate genes in transgenic organisms

The potential of genetically modified organisms(GMOs) to increase allergenicity or predispositions to allergies has attracted much attention.An approach that will properly and holistically evaluate the allergenicity of GMOs is yet to be found.Here,85 transgenes that have been reported in both international and domestic studies during recent years are summarized case by case;49 of the transformed genes were from plant sources and 36 were from animal sources.EVALLERTM,a web server for the in silico assessment of potential protein allergenicity,was used to evaluate the potential of the transgenic proteins as allergens.The biomedical journals listed in Highwire(http://highwire.stanford.edu/) were searched and reviewed to decipher whether any of the transformed genes were linked to allergenicity or human health.The EVALLER analysis identified 5 allergenic genes,whilst our literature review found 11 genes that were either related to allergic cases or to clinical adverse events;all 16 of these genes have been used in GMOs.The analysis pathway that we have developed can help guide the selection of genes to be used in genetic modification.The pathway also provides a paradigm for allergenicity analysis of transgene candidates.     

对马克思社会有机体论的伦理分析

马克思的社会有机体论是马克思主义理论的重要组成部分。社会有机体是社会构成诸要素紧密相连的有机整体,是一个不断处于运动和变化的有机体。从伦理学的向度看,这一理论揭示了资本主义社会发达有机体的必然灭亡,科学预测了和谐社会的社会有机体的历史趋势。马克思的社会有机体论具有整体性、有机性和开放性的原则,其规范性表现为社会有机体论的实践性、统一性和矛盾性。     

从马克思社会有机体理论看社会发展的规律性

马克思的社会有机体理论是马克思的社会历史观,是对其唯物史观的高度浓缩。马克思的社会有机体理论认为社会有机体就是一切社会关系的总合体。在这个理论视角上总结出人类社会的发展具有如下的规律：社会发展是一个不断进化的自然历史过程;社会发展是一个动态平衡的过程;社会发展是一个人的主观能动性和客观规律性相统一的过程;社会发展呈现出周期性。     

中国典型季风区分子化石记录的生物空间分异

目的揭示中国典型季风区分子化石记录的生物分布的空间分异。方法利用GC-MS对典型季风区泥炭剖面进行分子化石的检测和分析。结果全新世时期,不同季风气候带的正构烷烃分布特征明显不同,从南到北依次为nC29—nC31(少量为nC25)—nC27,nC29,nC31为优势,说明不同地带同一时期植被输入呈明显的分异特征。结论中国全新世不同空间格局的生物,从南到北具有明显的空间分异特点,是生物-气候共同作用的结果。     

论贝塔朗菲“机体论”的系统思想

贝塔朗菲的"机体论"包含三个主要观点:生物体是一个有机整体的观点;等级观点;动态的开放系统观点。这三个观点为其后来创立一般系统论奠定了基础。有机体生物学中所阐释的许多基本原则和范畴,后来推广成了一般系统论的基本原理和范畴。     

社会有机体及其对深化改革的意义

旨在通过对马克思主义哲学论域中的社会有机体理论内涵的分析,挖掘出其对于当今社会构建的价值和借鉴意义,尤其在深化改革已经成为不以人的意志为转移的,反映时代发展和现实要求的强劲主旋律的大背景下,社会有机体理论对深化改革具有尤为重要的意义。     

经济系统效益分析与政府对国有企业调控职能实现方法

本文针对目前国有企业存在的问题, 在理论上对经济系统的机理和机理与效益之间的关系进行了深入分析, 从生产力与生产关系的深层次上指出了国有企业经济效益下降原因, 并从技术上提出了政府对国有企业调控职能的实现方法。